Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Seyed Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zaferani 1
- Seyed Keramat Hashemi ana 2
- amin ahmadi gaevi 3
- Mehdi blouki 4
- mohammad amin tolab 5
- Ardavan Zarandian 6
- Farhad Tayefeh 1
1 Research Group of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Department of Geography and Urban Planning - Yasouj University, 'Iran
3 3- College of Engineering, School of Environmental, Department of Environmental planning, Tehran, Iran
4 4- Head of Marine Ecology Department, assistance of Marine Environment and Wetlands, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran
5 Head of Marine Environment Department, Bushehr Province, Iran
6 Environmental Hazards and Assessment Department, Environment and Sustainable Development Research Institute, Environmental Protection Organization, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the importance of corals in different dimensions of human life, their investigation and study will become more necessary. Kharg and Khargo islands are very important from the point of view of the environment, especially the unique coral covers. In the past few decades, many potential threats such as destructive human activities related to the oil industry and the resulting wastes in coastal environments, oil and hydrocarbon pollution, industrial and urban pollution, air pollution, discharge of municipal effluents and sewage, thermal stresses caused by changes Climatic and fluctuating middle and upper water levels, fishing with nets by fishermen and hunting fish by divers in coral areas, as well as carelessness of divers, have faced many challenges in coral habitats. One of the activities that is in relative conflict with the ecosystem of Khark Island and especially the location of the coral beaches, is the activities and movements related to fishing in Khark and Khargo Island. These activities date back several decades. Extreme poverty in many areas has caused a large number of people to go fishing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the various aspects of the fishing challenge that threatens the geographical territory of coral reefs. The aim of this study is to emphasize the investigation of human-environmental challenges.
Materials and Methods: In this research, for evaluate and investigate the threats created in the geographical area the first step we investigated the challenges of fishing activity of Khark Island. Then these challenges were classified and finally analyzed and investigated the contribution of each of its aspects in the fishing communities near the coral habitat of Kharg and Khargo islands. In order to investigate fishing and fishing challenges, using the statistical method of Cronbach’s alpha analysis and Likert scale. For trust final results and analyzes must the confidence percentage was calculated and confirmed. The weights of each of the criteria were finalized by the SWARA fuzzy-numerical test. In this questionnaire, there are 21 questions and Cronbach’s alpha is at an acceptable and good level of 0.72.
Results: In the questionnaire of this research, there are 21 questions and the Cronbach's alpha level is at an acceptable and good level of 0.72. It was found that trust in the content of the questionnaire confirms. The effectiveness and weight of each of the criteria showed that the highest percentage of fishing is done by motor boats in the winter season and early in the morning (93%). The results showed that more than 85% of fishermen have not received any necessary training for fishing in coral areas, and this challenge is considered serious and fundamental. The results showed that more than 85% of fishermen have not received any necessary training for fishing in coral areas, and this challenge is considered serious and fundamental.
Discussion: The output indicates that the fishing tool is valued as a criterion with the first rank, in other words, it explains 31% of the weight of the items. On the other hand, fishing time has the lowest weight in the criteria definition with 23%. These statistical processes show that human-environmental factors should be prioritized in examining the challenges and threats of the coral reef in Khark Island. In other words, the control and management of man-made challenges and related factors can create safe coral environments.
Keywords
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