Water Pollution
Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani; Marziyeh Alinejad; Seyyedeh Masoomeh Zamani
Abstract
Rapid population growth has increased the need for agricultural and food products and paved the way for the development of agricultural activities. Due to the limited land for cultivation, the increasing need for food will be possible only by achieving maximum productivity per unit area and increasing ...
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Rapid population growth has increased the need for agricultural and food products and paved the way for the development of agricultural activities. Due to the limited land for cultivation, the increasing need for food will be possible only by achieving maximum productivity per unit area and increasing crop quality. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as irrigation are among the effective methods to increase the productivity of agricultural products, among which, the use of chemical fertilizers has always been one of the most important priorities in improving the agricultural activities of producers. Farmers consider the use of these chemical inputs to increase crop yield, improve soil fertility and increase their income. Recent studies have shown that excessive and untimely use of fertilizers has several adverse effects on the environment and human health. These effects include leaching and displacement of compounds in different soil layers, groundwater and surface water pollution, accumulation of heavy metals and nitrates, increased wetland feed, air pollution and accumulation of nitrogen gases, sulfur and greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and extinction. He noted the ozone layer and the acidification of rain and the accumulation of chemicals in plant, animal and human tissues. The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental and biological effects of improper use of chemical fertilizers and to provide a practical solution to reduce consumption and environmental pollution.
Environmental Education
Mohammad Babaei; Assadollah Mehrara; Mehrdad Matani; Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh
Abstract
The concept of clean environment is one of the most important and significant macro principles in the policy of the whole country. This is especially important among countries with large oil and gas capital (which is one of the major polluters of the environment). Because today, the human and economic ...
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The concept of clean environment is one of the most important and significant macro principles in the policy of the whole country. This is especially important among countries with large oil and gas capital (which is one of the major polluters of the environment). Because today, the human and economic costs of achieving a sustainable environment are estimated at billions of dollars. Due to its oil and gas industry, Iran is one of the countries that pays special attention to the environment and pollutants from its activities and has always sought to design and apply various models and models to reduce oil and gas pollutants. In this article, the authors have devoted their efforts to designing an environmental model of sustainable development in the Iranian gas industry. The combined research method is based on mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the present article is based on 1080 people and using the snowball method to achieve theoretical saturation with 25 experts, in-depth interviews were conducted and in a quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher-made questionnaire by cluster sampling method Relative was distributed among 285 samples. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the qualitative section indicate that the environmental model of sustainable development has 15 dimensions in terms of causal conditions (1. service mission, 2. safety and health requirements, 3. social responsibility), underlying conditions (4. education and learning, 5 Culture building, 6. Attitudes and knowledge of managers), intervention conditions (7. Contractors, 8. Technical facilities and equipment, 9. Technology and technical operations), strategy (10. Medium and long-term policies of the Ministry of Energy, 11. Supervision and Continuous evaluation of project progress is 12. Customer Consumption Management Programs, 13. Residual Pollution Management Programs) and Outcome (14. Improving the Environmental Performance of the Gas Company and 15. Moving Towards Sustainable Development). The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research paradigm model were confirmed.