Waste Management
Arman Shahnazari
Abstract
Today, in metropolitan areas, principled and hygienic waste management is one of the most important issues in the field of urban management. With the growth of science and technology, it has become clear that waste recycling is one of the most appropriate options in waste disposal. On the other hand, ...
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Today, in metropolitan areas, principled and hygienic waste management is one of the most important issues in the field of urban management. With the growth of science and technology, it has become clear that waste recycling is one of the most appropriate options in waste disposal. On the other hand, a significant amount of municipal solid waste is organic waste. If this waste is converted into organic fertilizer, which both helps to preserve the environment and creates employment, the final product, which is compost fertilizer, can be used in agriculture to improve texture. Soil is used to increase storage capacity and increase soil organic matter and is also used as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Due to the importance of this research, it has evaluated the most common technologies for fertilizer production from municipal solid waste. The technologies considered in this research are the vermicomposting method, Windrow composting, and in-vessel composting. To comprehensively study these technologies, two methods, VIKOR and simple additive weighting (SAW) were used. The results of this study showed that among the selected technologies, vermicomposting technology obtained the highest score in both methods of multi-criteria decision making model and was selected as the best option for fertilizer production from municipal solid waste. In-vessel composting technology and Windrow composting came in second and third, respectively.
Somayeh Arazi
Abstract
Habitat destruction is one of the important factors in species extinction. Ecosystems provide a variety of services to humans, and humans need a set of these services to survive. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to identify the objectives of the Habitat Restoration Plan for the management ...
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Habitat destruction is one of the important factors in species extinction. Ecosystems provide a variety of services to humans, and humans need a set of these services to survive. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to identify the objectives of the Habitat Restoration Plan for the management and protection of vegetation and wildlife in the winter of 2020. To achieve the objectives of the present study, resource review was performed using the keywords Habitat Restoration and Search Restoration Ecology in online digital libraries. According to the findings of the present study, the process of ecological Restoration consists of three aspects including vegetation structure, ecological process and ecological performance. A successful habitat Restoration project also pursues four major global priority priorities, Including Regeneration, Ecosystem restoration, Rehabilitation, and Regeneration. Achieving the goals of Habitat Restoration requires a greater understanding of the ecological factors that enhance the success of the regeneration project. Water resources management is very difficult and complex.
Environmental Law
Farzad Karimi Khanjari; Mahdi Sajadi Kia
Abstract
The environment is one of the most important issues today, which is at the forefront of international affairs, given the catastrophes we are witnessing today. These catastrophes are caused by the damage done to the environment by individuals or governments; the damages that must be compensated by them, ...
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The environment is one of the most important issues today, which is at the forefront of international affairs, given the catastrophes we are witnessing today. These catastrophes are caused by the damage done to the environment by individuals or governments; the damages that must be compensated by them, that is, they have civil liability. Environmental civil liability is defined in both international and Iranian law, but there may be different definitions for determining the type of civil liability. Now the question is, in case of damage to the environment, what is the resulting civil liability in Iranian law and international documents? Therefore, in this article, we will study the nature of civil liability in Iranian law and international documents analytically-descriptively and with a library method, and we will examine how to compensate them and their strengths and weaknesses. Research shows that absolute liability in this situation is the best type of civil liability that can be applied to environmental damage, and that is why this type of liability has been adopted in international documents, but in Iranian law, civil liability is based. It is the fault that it also applies to environmental damage, which is not commensurate with the nature of the environment.
Environmental Education
Fateme Pourghasem; Amirhossein Alibaygi; Abdolhamid Papazan
Abstract
This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of investigating the challenges of rural women's environmental literacy extension in Kermanshah province. The study population consisted of experts’ environment, natural resources, agricultural extension and nongovernmental organizations in Kermanshah ...
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This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of investigating the challenges of rural women's environmental literacy extension in Kermanshah province. The study population consisted of experts’ environment, natural resources, agricultural extension and nongovernmental organizations in Kermanshah province. Samples were selected using purposeful and criterion sampling method. Content analysis of data showed that the lack of systematic, comprehensive and appropriate planning with context, the lack of accountability and responsibility for environmental issues, the lack of between and within sections communication, the lack of priority of rural women in environmental education, problems related to the provision of skilled force and adequate funding for education, especially for women's education, inefficient policies and organizational structure and the lack of environmental perspectives has led to the lack of planning and proper implementation of programs and environmental education, especially for women. The results of this study can help planners to improve the level of environmental education for rural women.
Environmental Economics
Jalil Badamfirooz; Hamid Sarkheil; Roya Mousazadeh
Abstract
Mineral extraction plays an essential role in economic and social development. On the other hand, mining and its dependent processes can have harmful consequences on natural ecosystems, including air pollution, water, soil, and the impact on biodiversity and land use. Therefore, by quantifying these ...
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Mineral extraction plays an essential role in economic and social development. On the other hand, mining and its dependent processes can have harmful consequences on natural ecosystems, including air pollution, water, soil, and the impact on biodiversity and land use. Therefore, by quantifying these consequences and estimating the costs of damages to ecosystem services, it is possible to reduce the destruction of ecosystems in the country by applying measures based on prevention and control of effects. Jajarm bauxite mining area, as the largest and most crucial bauxite mine in the country, is located in North Khorasan province. Bauxite mining has negative environmental consequences on neighboring ecosystems during the exploitation and extraction of valuable aluminum material. Since the maximum impact area of this mine is cultivated areas downstream and around the extraction area of this area is 6000 hectares, in this study, the cost of environmental damages to the mine has been estimated using the benefit-transfer approach on this biome. The cost of damages to ecosystem services due to bauxite mining in the cultivated Areas (for 1000 hectares of affected cultivated areas) is estimated at 2481375 million IRR (equivalent to USD 9925500) in the year (2021). This highlights the importance of mine reclamation as well as ecological rehabilitation after mining activities in the area.Using economic tools to prevent and control the effects of mining activities is essential.
Sustainable Development
Kiyumars Moladoost; Mohanna Shahmoradi
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of environmental culture in sports in a combined (sequential-exploratory) method, in two qualitative and quantitative steps. In the first step, to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of environmental culture ...
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This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of environmental culture in sports in a combined (sequential-exploratory) method, in two qualitative and quantitative steps. In the first step, to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of environmental culture in sports, a qualitative method was used. The study population in the qualitative section consisted of experts in the field of sports and the environment (experts of specialized committees on sports and the environment in sports federations, the National Olympic Committee, and the Environmental Protection Organization) who used purposive sampling method of 25 Samples were studied. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews until data saturation was reached. Analysis of field interviews was performed using the content analysis method with an inductive approach.In the second step (quantitative approach), the effect of various factors on the institutionalization of environmental culture in sport was evaluated. The statistical population consisted of a small number of government employees, university professors, students, and other professions related to sports and the environment. Using simple random sampling, 412 of them were selected as the statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the qualitative section. The content validity of the questionnaire was performed by expert assessors in the current field of study and also, its stability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha (0.7≤α). Four factors, motivational-supportive, government-managerial, cultural-social, and policy-supportive, were extracted from analyzing the database on the Exploratory Factor Analysis method which supports 65.66% of the variance in the institutionalization of environmental culture in Sports in Iran. The media’s impact on public opinion about environmental culture especially in Sports due to its power of informing and building discourse in society cannot be neglected.