محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی
مجله علمی

ارزیابی تأثیر نانوذرات اکسید روی به عنوان ضدفولینگ دوستدار محیط‌زیست در رنگ اپوکسی بر قفس پرورش ماهی دریایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

ساجده مزارعی 1
محسن صفائی 1
احمد همایی 2
زهرا قاسمی 1

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22034/envj.2025.502369.1461
چکیده
مقدمه: فولینگ زیستی به فرآیند چسبیدن و رشد موجودات بر روی سطوح در آب‌های دریایی اطلاق می‌شود. این پدیده از مشکلات عمده صنایع دریایی مانند صنایع آبزی‌پروری محسوب می‌شود و بنابراین رنگ‌های ضد فولینگ برای مبارزه با موجودات فولینگ‌کننده توسعه یافتند. با توجه به تأثیرات منفی رنگ‌های سمی ضد فولینگ بر محیط زیست، توسعه رنگ‌های دوست‌دار محیط زیست به هدفی مهم برای محققان تبدیل شده است، یکی از رویکردهای نوآورانه برای حل این مشکل، استفاده از نانوذرات در تولید رنگ‌های دوستدار محیط زیست می‌باشد. تحقیق حاضر به تحلیل خواص ضد فولینگ نانوذرات اکسید روی در ترکیب رنگ اپوکسی اختصاص دارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: اثربخشی ضد فولینگ نانوذرات اکسید روی از طریق آزمایش‌های ضدباکتریایی به مدت 48 ساعت در غلظت‌های 400، 200، 100، 50، 25، 5/12، 25/6، 125/3 و 0 (شاهد) میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ضد جلبکی به مدت 72 ساعت در غلظت‌های 800، 400، 200، 100، 50، 25، 5/12، 25/6 و 0 (شاهد) میلی‌گرم در لیتر و همچنین بررسی اثر سمیت آن بر دو گونه زئوپلانکتون Amphibalanus amphitrite و Artemia salina  به مدت 72 ساعت در غلظت‌های 400، 200، 100، 50، 25، 5/12، 25/6 و 0 (شاهد) در آزمایشگاه ارزیابی و ثابت شد. عملکرد ضدفولینگ نانو ذرات اکسید روی با اضافه کردن  2%، 4% و 8% وزنی به رنگ رزین اپوکسی روی قطعات فایبرگلاس به مدت 90 روز در  قفس پرورش ماهی در محیط دریا ارزیابی شد.
نتایج: حداقل غلظت بازدارنده نانو ذرات اکسید روی در دو باکتری Staphylococcus aureus و Escherichia coli  به‌ترتیب برابر با 5/12 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تعیین شد. در آزمایش ضد جلبکی نانو ذرات اکسیدروی، غلظت مهارکنندگی میانی (IC50) برای جلبک Chaetoceros muelleri ، 58/83 میلی‌گرم در لیتر  و بیشترین درصد بازدارندگی متوسط رشد ویژه در غلظت 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر برابر 87/83 درصد تعیین شد. نانوذرات اکسید روی حتی در کم ترین غلظت مورد آزمون نیز باعث ایجاد سمیت در ریزجلبک C. muelleri گردیدند. غلظت نیمه‌کشنده (LC50) نانو ذرات برای Amphibalanus amphitrite و Artemia salina به ترتیب 69/162 و 66/395 میلی گرم در لیتر بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد کمترین وزن قطعات فایبر گلاس در روز 30، 60 و 90 مربوط به تیمار نانو ذرات اکسید روی  %8 بود که در هر سه دوره با تیمارهای شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0≥P).
بحث: خواص ضد باکتریایی نانو ذرات اکسید روی می‌تواند به دلیل گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن، تولید احتمالی رادیکال‌های آزاد و آزادسازی یون‌های فلزی باشد. نانو ذرات می‌توانند وارد دیواره سلولی جلبک شده و باعث آسیب ساختاری شوند که منجر به آزاد شدن محتویات سلولی و در نهایت مرگ سلولی می‌شود. اثر بخشی ضد فولینگ رنگ با افزایش میزان نانواکسید روی افزایش یافت. غلظت‌های بالا از نانوذرات ذرات اکسید روی مقادیر زیادی یون‌های روی را آزاد می‌کند. یون روی می‌تواند از غشای سلولی عبور کرده و گونه‌های اکسیژن  فعال تولید ‌کنند و منجر به آسیب به اجزای سلولی، اختلال در عملکرد سلولی و مرگ سلولی شود. کارایی بالای ضد فولینگ نانو ذرات اکسید روی می‌تواند یک راهکار مؤثر برای مقابله با فولینگ زیستی دریایی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نانوذرات
ضد فولینگ
ضد جلبک
ضد باکتری
رنگ غیر سمی

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محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی
دوره 9، شماره 86
زمستان 1403
صفحه 47-64

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